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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2026-11-3-69-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-1251</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКУШЕРСТВО И ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эндотоксинурия  у беременных с преэклампсией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endotoxinuria in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafin</surname><given-names>P. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мустафин Ильшат Ганиевич, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой биохимии и клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, Казань, 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Il'shat G. Mustafin, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory  Diagnosis</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0644-5767</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курманбаев</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmanbaev</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курманбаев Тимур Ерланович,  кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры акушерства и гинекологии имени академика А. Я. Крассовского</p><p>ул. Клиническая, д. 6, Санкт-Петербург, 194044</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Timur E. Kurmanbaev, MD, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Senior Lecturer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p><p>Clinical Street, 6, St. Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timka_rus@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-3716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафина Нэлли Ахметовна, кандидат биологических наук, ассистент кафедры биохимии и клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, Казань, 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Nelly A. Safina, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Teaching Assistant at the Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2142-7682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баязитова</surname><given-names>Л. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayazitova</surname><given-names>L. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баязитова Лира Табрисовна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии имени академика В. М. Аристовского федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; заведующая лабораторией микробиологии федерального бюджетного учреждения науки «Казанский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии» федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, Казань, 420012</p><p>ул. Большая Красная, д. 67, Казань, 420015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Lira T. Bayazitova, Cand. of Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Microbiology Department, Kazan State Medical University; Head of Scientific Research Laboratory of Microbiology Kazan Scientific-Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor</p><p>Butlerova Street, 49, Kazan, 420012</p><p>Bolshaya Krasnaya Street, 67, Kazan, 420015</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7567-6043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габидуллина</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabidullina</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Габидуллина Рушанья Исмагиловна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии имени профессора В. С. Груздева</p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, Казань, 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Rushania I. Gabidullina, Dr. Sci (Med.), Head of the Department Obstetrics and Gynecology</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6167-2968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захаров Игорь Сергеевич, доктор медицинских наук, доцент,  профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии имени академика А. Я. Крассовского</p><p>ул. Клиническая, д. 6, Санкт-Петербург, 194044</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Igor S. Zakharov, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), associate professor, Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p><p>Clinical Street, 6, St. Petersburg, 194044</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7525-7455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухаметзянова</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhametzyanova</surname><given-names>Z. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухаметзянова Зарина Рамисовна, аспирант кафедры биохимии и клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>ул. Бутлерова, д. 49, Казань, 420012</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ms. Zarina R. Mukhametzyanova,  Postgraduate Student, Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kirov’s Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный медицинский университет; Казанский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University; Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мустафин И.Г., Курманбаев Т.Е., Сафина Н.А., Баязитова Л.Т., Габидуллина Р.И., Захаров И.С., Мухаметзянова З.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мустафин И.Г., Курманбаев Т.Е., Сафина Н.А., Баязитова Л.Т., Габидуллина Р.И., Захаров И.С., Мухаметзянова З.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mustafin P.I., Kurmanbaev T.E., Safina N.A., Bayazitova L.T., Gabidullina R.I., Zakharov I.S., Mukhametzyanova Z.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemgmu.ru/jour/article/view/1251">https://fcm.kemgmu.ru/jour/article/view/1251</self-uri><abstract><p>В патогенезе преэклампсии важное место занимает системный воспалительный ответ, предполагаемым триггером которого является эндотоксин-липополисахарид грамотри цательных микроорганизмов. Источником эндотоксина могут служить грамотрицательные бактерии кишечника, мочевыводящих путей и ротовой полости. Цель. Оценить уровень эндотоксина в моче и его взаимосвязь с бактериальной обсе мененностью и протеинурией у беременных с преэклампсией различной степени тяжести. Материалы и методы. Проведе но одномоментное когортное исследование, включающее 105 беременных: 30 – с тяжелой преэклампсией, 35 – с умеренной, 40 беременных без гипертензивного синдрома, родоразрешенных путем операции кесарева сечения по акушерским и соматическим показаниям. Уровень эндотоксина мочи оценивали по его активности в ЛАЛ-тесте с использованием хромогенного метода по конечной точке. Посев мочи осуществлялся на Агар Uriselect-4, колумбийский агар с 5 % крови, агар Сабуро, желточно-солевой агар, тиогликолевую среду. Видовая идентификация выделенных бактерий проводилась на основании мор фологических, культуральных и биохимических свойств выделенных штаммов и подтверждалась масс-спектрометрическим методом. Статистический анализ проводился с использовани ем программы StatTech v. 4.10.2 (разработчик ООО «Статтех», Россия). Результаты. Уровень эндотоксинурии достоверно коррелирует со степенью тяжести преэклампсии: наибольшая активность эндотоксина установлена у беременных с тяжелой преэклампсией (0,21 ЭЕ/мл, р &lt; 0,001), наименьшая – у беременных без гипертензивного синдрома (0 ЭЕ/мл). Получена заметная корреляционная связь между уровнем протеинурии и активностью эндотоксина в моче (ρ = 0,572, р &lt; 0,001), что может быть объяснено его прямым повреждающим действием на почки. Не было получено корреляционной зависимости между уровнем эндотоксинурии и бактериальной обсемененностью мочи, в том числе грамотрицательными микроорганизмами: рост бактерий был отмечен в 25 % проб от беременных с тяжелой преэклампсией. Заключение. Эндотоксин, вероят но, играет роль в патогенезе преэклампсии, учитывая то, что уровень эндотоксинурии коррелирует со степенью тяжести преэклампсии. При этом источником эндотоксина не является грамотрицательная микробиота мочевыводящих путей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A systemic inflammatory response plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, with endotoxin, a lipopoly saccharide produced by gram-negative microorganisms, being the putative trigger. Gram-negative microflora of the intestine, urinary tract, and oral cavity may be the source of endotox in. Aim. To assess urinary endotoxin levels and their relation ship with bacterial counts and proteinuria in pregnant women with varying degrees of preeclampsia severity. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted, including 105 pregnant women: 30 with severe preeclampsia, 35 with moderate preeclampsia, and 40 without hypertensive syndrome. All women delivered by cesarean section for obstetric and medical indications. Urinary endotoxin levels were as sessed by their activity in the LAL assay using a chromogenic endpoint method. Urine cultures were performed on Uriselect-4 Agar, Columbia Agar with 5% Blood, Sabouraud Agar, Yolk Salt Agar, and Thioglycollate Medium. Species identification of the isolated bacteria was based on the morphological, cultural, and biochemical properties of the isolated strains and confirmed by mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis was performed using StatTech v. 4.10.2 (developed by StatTech LLC, Russia). Results. Endotoxinuria levels significantly correlated with the severity of preeclampsia: the highest endotoxin activity was found in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia (0.21 EU/ml, p &lt; 0.001), while the lowest was found in pregnant women with out hypertensive syndrome (0 EU/ml). A significant correlation was found between proteinuria levels and urinary endotoxin activity (ρ = 0.572, p &lt; 0.001), which can be explained by a direct damaging effect on the kidneys. No correlation was found between endotoxinuria levels and urinary bacterial counts, in cluding gram-negative bacteria: bacterial growth was noted in 25% of samples from pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. Conclusion. Endotoxin likely plays a role in the pathogen esis of preeclampsia, given that endotoxinuria levels correlate with preeclampsia severity. Moreover, the source of endotoxin is not gram-negative bacteria in the urinary tract.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндотоксинурия</kwd><kwd>преэклампсия</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>бактериальная обсемененность</kwd><kwd>ЛАЛ-тест</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endotoxinuria</kwd><kwd>preeclampsia</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>bacterial counts</kwd><kwd>LAL test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Копицына М.Н., Морозов А.С., Бессонов И.В., Писарев В.М. Методы определения бактериального эндотоксина в медицине критических состояний (обзор). Общая реаниматология. 2017;13(5):109–120. https://doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2017-5-109-120 EDN: XMRPVR</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopitsyna MN, Morozov AS, Bessonov IV, Pisarev VM. Methods for determining bacterial endotoxin in critical care medicine (review). 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