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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2026-11-3-18-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-1247</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PATHOPHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейротрофины как связующее звено между клетками, вовлеченными в патогенез бронхиальной астмы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neurotrophins as a Link Between Cells Involved in the Pathogenesis of Asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-0271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кытикова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kytikova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кытикова Оксана Юрьевна, доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории восстановительного лечения </p><p> ул. Русская, д. 73г, г. Владивосток, 690105</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Oxana Yu. Kytikova, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Rehabilitation Treatment</p><p> 73g, Russkaya Street, Vladivostok, 690105</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vfdnz_nch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-3198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонюк</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonyuk</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонюк Марина Владимировна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией восстановительного лечения</p><p> ул. Русская, д. 73г, г. Владивосток, 690105</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Marina V. Antonyuk, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Rehabilitation Treatment Laboratory</p><p> 73g, Russkaya Street, Vladivostok, 690105</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9086-7369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кнышова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyshova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кнышова Вера Васильевна, доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории восстановительного лечения </p><p> ул. Русская, д. 73г, г. Владивосток, 690105</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Vera V. Knyshova, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Rehabilitation Treatment</p><p> 73g, Russkaya Street, Vladivostok, 690105</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-201X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новгородцева</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novgorodtseva</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новгородцева Татьяна Павловна, доктор биологических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории биомедицинских исследований </p><p> ул. Русская, д. 73г, г. Владивосток, 690105</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Tatyana P. Novgorodtseva, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Сhief Researcher at the Laboratory of Biomedical Research</p><p> 73g, Russkaya Street, Vladivostok, 690105</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-9840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвозденко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdenko</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гвозденко Татьяна Александровна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории восстановительного лечения</p><p> ул. Русская, д. 73г, г. Владивосток, 690105</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Tatyana А. Gvozdenko, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher at the Laboratory of Rehabilitation Treatment </p><p> 73g, Russkaya Street, Vladivostok, 690105</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Владивостокский филиал Дальневосточного научного центра физиологии и патологии дыхания – Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного лечения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladivostok branch of the Far Eastern Scientific Center for Physiology and Pathology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation Treatment</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кытикова О.Ю., Антонюк М.В., Кнышова В.В., Новгородцева Т.П., Гвозденко Т.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кытикова О.Ю., Антонюк М.В., Кнышова В.В., Новгородцева Т.П., Гвозденко Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kytikova O.Y., Antonyuk M.V., Knyshova V.V., Novgorodtseva T.P., Gvozdenko T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemgmu.ru/jour/article/view/1247">https://fcm.kemgmu.ru/jour/article/view/1247</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время исследования патогенеза бронхиальной астмы в основном сосредоточены на иммунном воспалении и ремоделировании дыхательных путей. В развитии воспаления дыхательных путей участвует не только иммунная, но и нервная система. Нейротрофические факторы, в частности нейротрофины, экспрессируются как нейрональными клетками, так и ненейро нальными клетками. В легких нейротрофины экспрессируются эпителиальными клетками, альвеолярными и интерстициальны ми макрофагами, эозинофилами, лимфоцитами. Нарушение взаимоотношений между нервными, эпителиальными и иммунными клетками легких может играть важную роль в патофизиологи ческих изменениях при бронхиальной астме. Цель исследования – систематизация современных знаний о нейро-иммунных механизмах бронхиальной астмы и роли нейротрофинов в реализации взаимодействия между иммунными, эпителиальными клетками и нейронами, вовлеченными в развитие гиперреактивности бронхов, эозинофильного воспаления и ремоделирования дыхательных путей. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ 97 публикаций за 2016−2025 гг. по взаимоотношениям нейротрофинов, иммунных клеток, эпителиальных клеток и нейронов при астме. Результаты. При аллергической и неаллергической БА имеется идентичный механизм воспалительного ответа, который базируется на выработке лейкоцитарных, эпителиальных, нейрогенных медиаторов, приводящий к ремоделированию дыхательных путей. Обсуждаются данные о взаимосвязи иммунного воспаления дыхательных путей с функционированием нервной системы по типу «обратной петли». С одной стороны, парасимпатический, симпатический и сенсорный нейроны через воздействие на экспрессируемые ILC2 рецепторы индуцируют сокращение или расслабление гладкомышечных клеток бронхов, запускают или блокируют воспаление Th2-типа. С другой стороны, медиаторы, секретиру емые иммунными клетками, стимулируют выработку нейронами нейротрофинов и нейропептидов. Способность клеток к выживанию связана с количеством и набором рецепторов к нейротро фическим факторам. В статье представлены известные пути взаимодействия нейротрофинов с нервной и иммунной системами. Заключение. Обоснована необходимость дальнейших исследований с целью выяснения возможности регуляции нейро-иммунных нарушений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, research into the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma focuses primarily on immune inflammation and airway remodeling. Both the immune and nervous systems are involved in the development of airway inflammation. Neurotrophic factors, particularly neurotrophins, are expressed by both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. In the lungs, neuro trophins are expressed by epithelial cells, alveolar and interstitial macrophages, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Disruption of the relationship between nerve, epithelial, and immune cells in the lungs may play a significant role in the pathophysiological changes associated with bronchi al asthma. Aim. The aim of this study is to systematize current knowledge about the neuroimmune mechanisms of bronchial asthma and the role of neurotrophins in mediating the interactions between immune, epithelial cells, and neurons involved in the development of bronchi al hyperreactivity, eosinophilic inflammation, and airway remodeling. Materials and Methods. A narrative literature review was per formed, encompassing 97 publications from 2016 to 2025, to examine the interactions between neurotrophins, immune cells, epithelial cells, and neurons in asthma. Results. Both allergic and non-allergic asthma share an identical inflammatory response mechanism, which is driven by the production of leukocyte-derived, epithelial-derived, and neuro genic mediators and ultimately leads to airway remodelling. The paper discusses the interplay between airway immune inflammation and nervous system activity in a feedback-loop manner. On the one hand, parasympathetic, sympathetic, and sensory neurons act via ILC2-expressed receptors to induce contraction or relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle cells and to trigger or suppress Th2-type inflammation. On the oth er hand, mediators secreted by immune cells stimulate neurons to produce neurotrophins and neuropeptides. Cell survival capacity depends on the number and profile of receptors for neurotrophic factors. The article outlines the currently known pathways of neurotrophin interactions with the nervous and immune systems. Conclusion. The need for further research to elucidate the possibility of regulating neuroimmune disorders is substantiated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейротрофины</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>иммунная система</kwd><kwd>нервная система</kwd><kwd>эпителиальные клетки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurotrophins</kwd><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>immune system</kwd><kwd>nervous system</kwd><kwd>epithelial cells</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и образования Российской Федерации, госзадание «Патогенетические механизмы заболеваний  респираторной системы и коморбидных состояний» (№ госрегистрации 124040100032-3).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation, state assignment “Pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases of the respiratory system and comorbid conditions” (state registration number 124040100032-3).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bobolea I., Guillén-Vera D., De Las Cuevas-Moreno N., García Granero D.B., Loli-Ausejo D., Melero-Moreno C. 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